Comparison
A comparison of enforcement routes
- Author
- Av. Ayşenur Konar, Avukat · Editorial policy
- Published:
- 12 September 2026
- Last updated:
- 9 November 2026
Methodology
The rows rest on the route distinctions in Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004. No period, rate, fee or amount of security is written. The decision aid stays in the browser. The answer does not go to the server. The choice of route depends on the concrete document.
| Route | Basis | A judgment first | The debtor’s general route | Does an objection affect the enforcement? | When it is read | The limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary attachment without a judgment | An invoice, a contract, a current account | No | An objection, payment, a negative declaratory action | An objection in time can, as a rule, stay it | A written claim for a debt, when there is no judgment | The period depends on service. A number of days is not written |
| Proceedings specific to negotiable instruments | A cheque, a promissory note, a bill of exchange | No. The elements of the instrument are required | An objection to the instrument, and a dispute about the signature and the sum | The same objection as in ordinary proceedings without a judgment is not expected | A negotiable instrument whose elements are complete | A missing element changes the route |
| Enforcement on a judgment | A court judgment, or a document that has the quality of a judgment | Yes | A writ of execution, a complaint, postponement of enforcement | An objection to a payment order is not expected | When a judgment, or a document that has the quality of a judgment, is in hand | Going beyond the scope is read from the document |
| Enforcement of a mortgage | A mortgage at the land registry | The mortgage contract. An ordinary judgment is not required | A sale and a ranking that are particular to the mortgage | It is not a copy of an objection in ordinary attachment | If the claim is secured by a mortgage at the land registry | It is not confused with a pledge of movables |
| Enforcement of a pledge | A pledge of movables, or a pledge of a commercial enterprise | The pledge contract, or the register | Sale of the pledged property | The pattern of an ordinary objection is not expected | If the claim is secured by a pledge | Delivery, or the register, can be constitutive |
| The bankruptcy route on a negotiable instrument | The same instrument, and a debtor who is subject to bankruptcy | No. The instrument and the status of merchant | Bankruptcy, and registration with the estate | It is not a copy of the attachment route | If there is an instrument and the debtor is subject to bankruptcy | The liquidation is not treated as a continuation of ordinary attachment |
The effect of a stay changes with the particular service, the instrument and the capacity. The table is a summary. The current text of the statute, and the original of the papers, prevail. A number of days is not written.
| Frame | What it is for | What it is not | The limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| A direct action for the debt | Whether the debt exists is argued in court | It is not an enforcement route | Subject-matter jurisdiction, venue and any condition of the action are read from the file |
| Provisional attachment | Temporary protection can be requested on an urgent allegation that assets are being removed | It is not a final attachment, and it is not collection | Security and the period are not fixed on this page |
Provisional attachment does not take the place of the main enforcement or of the action. The scope of the protection is read from the text of the decision.
Which route can be read in the file?
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Nothing has been marked yes yet. The note under each question can be read without JavaScript. A mark does not choose a route.
In short
Enforcement is not a single route. The nature of the document separates attachment without a judgment, enforcement on a judgment, a negotiable instrument, a mortgage, a pledge or bankruptcy. This page is a comparison table. It is not a copy of an article that explains procedure. The wrong route produces a loss of time and of security. A route is not chosen without the actual papers.
How the table is read
The rows separate the first decision: the effect of a stay, and the next door. The same claim does not fall into more than one row according to the type of document. If there is a cheque, the negotiable-instrument row is read. If there is a mortgage at the land registry, the mortgage row is read. An invoice is not a negotiable instrument.
A stay on an objection is the rule in ordinary attachment without a judgment. The same sentence is not expected on the judgment route or on the negotiable-instrument route. The table does not promise a stay. Saying that something is the rule keeps the exception open.
Which article goes with which row
The account of the difference between enforcement on a judgment and without a judgment is in the difference between enforcement on a judgment and without one. An objection to a payment order is in objecting to enforcement. The attachment stage is in how attachment works. The attachment route for a cheque and a promissory note is in proceedings on a negotiable instrument. The bankruptcy route for the same instrument is in bankruptcy on a negotiable instrument.
Security at the land registry is in enforcement of a mortgage. Security over movables is in enforcement of a pledge. Liquidation of a merchant is in a bankruptcy action. It is not a copy of the row for ordinary attachment.
What is not decided
A fee, a rate of interest, a number of days and a date of collection are not in this table. The address of the Ankara office does not decide which row is chosen. A direct action for the debt is not enforcement. Jurisdiction and venue are read from the court file. Provisional attachment is a request for temporary protection on an allegation that assets are being removed, and it is not treated as having turned into a final attachment. The commercial purpose is on the enforcement and bankruptcy law service page.
The answers in the decision aid stay in this browser. They are not sent to the server, to a cookie or to an analytics record.
How to cite
- Title:
- A comparison of enforcement routes
- Publisher:
- Konar Hukuk
- Author:
- Av. Ayşenur Konar, Avukat
- Updated:
- Permanent address:
- https://www.konarhukuk.com/en/resources/icra-takip-yolu-karsilastirma
Konar Hukuk, “A comparison of enforcement routes”, https://www.konarhukuk.com/en/resources/icra-takip-yolu-karsilastirma, accessed: .
Citation is free. There is no required link or dofollow condition. Anyone who uses an access date writes it in their own note.
Frequently asked questions
Which enforcement route does this page choose?
It does not choose one. The table and the decision aid show under which heading the document is read. Maturity, venue and limitation are examined separately.
Is provisional attachment an enforcement proceeding?
No. Provisional attachment is a request for temporary protection. Its relationship to the main enforcement or to the action is read from the scope of the decision. There is no rate of security on this page.
Are a cheque and an invoice the same enforcement route?
No. A cheque, a promissory note or a bill of exchange whose elements are complete enters the negotiable-instrument discussion. An invoice, a contract or a current account is read on the side of ordinary attachment without a judgment, or of an action for the debt.
Sources
Related services
This resource is not an article. It is a reference page for Enforcement & bankruptcy.