In short
In life insurance the beneficiary is the person whose name is written on the policy, or in the insurer's recorded change. An heir does not become the beneficiary by kinship alone while this name stands. If no name was written at all, payment is read from the contract's own fallback rule, not from a guess at the family tree. The question of who the beneficiary is, is answered first from the policy line.
The name stands on the policy
The beneficiary line is the person the policyholder designated. A certificate of inheritance shows to whom the estate will pass. The two papers answer two questions. The list of heirs on the certificate does not of itself erase the name on the policy. A person who is not on the list does not cease to be the beneficiary if his name is on the policy. A person who is on the list does not become the beneficiary while his name is not on the policy.
One copy of the policy may stand with the policyholder, and one copy with the insurer. If the two copies conflict, the insurer's recorded copy and the change form are placed side by side. An oral family decision does not stand in for the insurance record. Minutes of a family council do not strike the beneficiary line. The striking is by an instruction that reaches the insurer.
A divorce judgment does not strike the policy
If the name is to be changed later, the change is an instruction that passes into the insurer's file. A divorce judgment does not of itself strike the name on the policy. If there is no new instruction after the judgment, the old name stands. Finality of the judgment does not mean the insurance record was updated. The update is the writing the insurer took into process. The date of the writing is looked for after the date of the judgment.
If a former spouse still stands on the policy as beneficiary, the new position on the certificate of inheritance does not erase this name. A new spouse does not become the beneficiary of itself. The new spouse's name is read only if it is written in a later instruction. If the instruction does not carry a signature and a date, it is asked whether the insurer processed it. A draft that was not processed is not a term of the policy.
If there is no name, or the beneficiary has died
If the beneficiary has died, or no name was put at all, the contract's fallback arrangement is read. This article does not memorise that fallback as a list of heirs. The fallback rule is drawn from the policy and from the frame the contract is tied to. The family's guess is not the fallback rule. A guess is not written in the petition as a ground.
If the beneficiary died before the policyholder, it is looked at whether a new name was put on the policy. If it was not put, the fallback arrangement comes into play. The fallback arrangement is not the same act as refusal of the inheritance. A person who refuses the inheritance may not also carry the capacity of beneficiary. The two capacities are read from two documents. One does not of itself carry the other away.
There is no tax and no amount in this article
The amount of the insurance sum, whether it is subject to tax, and the rate, are not in this text. An act of the tax office is not the policy line that determines who the beneficiary is. To whom the sum will be paid is read first from the name record. The amount is on the policy's own page. This article does not repeat the figure on that page, and it sets no percentage.
If more than one beneficiary is written, the shares are read as they were divided on the policy. If the shares were not written, the division is not invented from the degree of kinship. If the contract has a fallback sentence, that sentence is read. If it does not, the insurer's recorded practice does not stand in for a contract of distribution of the inheritance. Distribution of the inheritance is for the estate. The beneficiary record is not the list of the estate.
The policyholder and the insured may not be the same person. The beneficiary is separate from both of those capacities as well. If there are three names on the policy, all three are written. If one is blank, the blank line is not filled with an heir. Filling is only by a recorded instruction. A message inside the family does not change the policy. A screenshot of the message is not a beneficiary record. If there is no stamp of the insurer, the message does not establish a term of the policy.
How a certificate of inheritance is obtained is in a certificate of inheritance, and the frame of the reserved share is in the article the reserved share. Refusal of the inheritance is in refusal, and the contract for distribution of the estate is in the article distribution.
The name on the policy and the inheritance record
The beneficiary line on the policy, the instruction of change, and the certificate of inheritance are placed side by side. The office being in Çankaya does not change the insurer's recording authority or the competent court. The competent place is read from the parties on the policy and from the authority the dispute goes to.
Conclusion
The beneficiary is the person whose name is written on the policy. An heir does not of itself become the beneficiary while the name stands. A change of name is in the insurer's record. The frame is on the commercial law page.
The basis is the Insurance Law No. 5684 and the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098.