Legal articles

The same articles as the Turkish library, written in English. Each one stays tied to a practice area. A translated article is the one to open. Where the English text is not published yet, the Turkish original remains the source.

• Is an International Trade-Mark Filing the Madrid Route?

  The Madrid route rests on a basic mark and names countries. No filing day is invented. Each office examines under its own law, and the paper is on the register.

• What Is a Change of Address on the Trade-Mark Register For?

  The address on the trade-mark register is where notices go. The address record and an assignment are read apart. A new address does not change the holder.

• Where Is an Action Against an Office Decision Brought?

  An action against an Office decision is brought where the statute names. The day is not invented. The place is Article 156/2. The time sits in a separate note.

• How Are Trademark Invalidity and Cancellation Separated?

  Invalidity is a court route on a ground of refusal. Cancellation is an Office route on a later ground. No year of usurpation is invented. The papers stay apart.

• When Is Proof of Use Requested in a Trademark Opposition?

  If the earlier mark has been registered for five years, proof of use can be requested. This request is not cancellation. It is the use period in Article 26.

• Does a Compulsory Patent Licence Arise by Itself?

  A compulsory patent licence does not arise by itself. It needs an exceptional decision, read apart from a voluntary licence. The grounds are not listed here.

• Is the Inventor the Same Person as the Patent Applicant?

  The inventor and the applicant need not be the same person. Without an assignment the form is not the right. A name line does not change who owns the invention.

• Who Holds the Copyright in a Photograph?

  Copyright in a photograph sits with the person who took it. A commission does not pass the economic rights of itself. A screenshot is not a new work.

• Is the Copyright in Software a Patent?

  Software protection splits the code's expression from a technical solution. The two doors are not put in one petition. Not every program is only copyright.

• Does a Collecting Society Own the Copyright?

  A collecting society follows rights under an authority document. It does not become the author. Collection is not an assignment, and no rate is written.

• How Is an Assignment of Economic Rights in Copyright Made?

  Economic rights are assigned by a written contract. Moral rights do not pass to the buyer. Who owns a work made in employment is a separate article.

• How a Certification Mark Is Separated from a Collective Mark

  A certification mark checks a quality. A collective mark marks a group member. They are not the same registration. The type waits on the specification.

• Can a Sound Mark or a Motion Mark Be Registered?

  A sound or motion mark is debated if the sign is shown clearly and distinguishes the goods. No file format is invented. The document is what counts.

• How Does the Choice of Trade-Mark Class Limit the Registration?

  A class ties protection to the list of goods and services. The number does not stand in for the list. The circle is not drawn before that list is read.

• How Is Individual Character in a Design Read?

  Individual character looks at the overall impression separating from earlier designs. The infringement test is not built here. The document is what counts.

• Is a Patent Search Report a Certificate?

  A patent search report shows the earlier documents. It is not a granted patent certificate. The twenty-year term is not started from the day of the report.

• How Are a Trade-Mark Representative and the Applicant Separated?

  A trade-mark representative acts for the applicant. That record and the owner on the register are read apart. A power of attorney does not pass ownership.

• Why Is the Trade-Mark Bulletin Watched?

  The bulletin is watched to see filings that come out in publication. Watching is read apart from the opposition. The opposition procedure is in a separate note.

• What Does a Right of Priority Do in a Trademark Application?

  Priority carries an earlier date into a later trademark application. The period is read from the priority document. This note states no fixed number of months.

• How Is Invalidity of a Design Separated from Infringement?

  Invalidity of a design debates in court whether protection was born. A claim of infringement is not pasted onto the same sentence. The document is what counts.